Tfl 407 
.U58 
Copy 1 



MECHANICAL TESTS 



BUILDING MATERIAL, 



MADE AUGUST, 1882, AND NOVEMBEE, 1883, 



WATEETOWN AESENAL, MASS., 



U. S. ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT, 



AT THE REQUEST OF THE 



^ommfeaionm for iht f ration of ik j juMic luildings, 



PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



PHILADELPHIA: 

PRINTED FOR THE COMMISSIONERS. 

1884. 



MECHANICAL TESTS 



BUILDING MATERIAL, 



MADE AUGUST, 1882, AXD XOVEMBER, 1883, 



WATEETOAYJN AESENAL, MASS., 



U. S. ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT, 



AX THE RKQl-KST OF THK 



|,Dmmisstonm for the fraction of the : juWic luilding^ 



^^^ PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



PHILADELPHIA: 

PRINTED FOR THE COMMISSIONERS. 

18X4. 



^ 



v 



A 



TEST OF BUILDING MATERIAL, 



MADE AT THE WATERTOWN ARSENAL, MASS., AUGUST, 1882, 



U. S. ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT, 



AT THE REQUEST OF THE 



l^ommfe^tonm for lite jmim of the jjubltc luilding^ 



CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



OHIErLY IN EEPERENOE TO THE MATEEIAL USED IN THE 
NEW CITY HALL. 



PHILADELPHIA: 

PRINTED FOR THE COMMISSIONERS. 

1882. 



PKESS OF HENKY B. ASHMEAP, 

1J02 and 1104 Sansoni Street. 



August 21, 1882. 

Test, COMPRESSION. 

Material, . . . BUILDING MATERIAL. 

For whom Tested, . CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



No. 2550. 



FROM LEE, MASS. 
Maeble Block L., jSTo. 1, Blue. On end. 



5:9i 



< 5:90^ > 



Sectional area, 



. 34.87. 



^^010 brass packing nsed. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 



544,000 
715,000 



LBS. 

PER G" 



20,504 



Remarks. 



Crack at A appeared high side of specimen. 
Ultimate strenp'th. 



Bnrst into frairraents suddenly. 



No. 2551. 



FEOM LEE, MASS.' 
Marble L., No. 2, White. On bed. 




Flaked 



< 5:93 



Sectional area, 



35.16. 



Took even bearings without packing. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER □" 


Remarxs. 


800,000 


22,370 


No cracks in sight at 730,000 lbs. 
Specimen now covered with canvas. 

Sustained this load, then removed from the 
machine. 



Effect of loading, slight flaking of one face of block. 



No. 2552. 



FEOM MONTGOMERY CO., PA. 
Max^ble p., 1, Blue. On bed. 



^^ 


^\ 


^^ 


♦AV^ 



6 : 02 > 



Sectional area, ...... 

About ^^007 packing under one edge. 



40.64. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 



LBS. 

PER □" 



Remarks. 



400,000 
466,300 



11,470 



Crack A appeared. 
Ultimate strength. 



Failed immediately after first signs of ra])id yielding. 



No. 2554. 



FROM MONTGOMERY CO., PA. 

Marble P., 2, Blue. On end. 



\^ 


^-. 







Sectional area, ...... 

About '^010 packing under one corner. 



38.4. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 



400,000 



LBS^ 

PER LJ" 



Remaeks. 



10,420 Ultimate strength. 
Xo signs of failure till block burst. 



Xo. 2555. 



FROM HUMMELSTOWN, PA. 



^A:^rDSTOXE, Xo. 3. On bed. 









■ 



6"M 



Sectional area, 



41.28. 



One face flat, one convex ; took about '^008 packing. 



loads 
applied. 



510,000 
528,700 



LBS^ 
PER I 



12,810 



Remarks. 



Rapid yielding. 
Ultimate strength. 



No. 2556. 



FROM HUMMELSTOWN, PA. 



Sandstone, No. 1. On end. 



^\ 









6".02 



Sectional area, ...... 41.92. 

About '^01 packing under three corners. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER □" 


Eemarks. 


543,000 
570,300 


13,610 


Cracking sounds. 
Ultimate strength. 



Burst suddenly. 



No. 2557. 



FROM CONSHOHOCKEN, PA. 

Limestone C, No. 1. On end. 



C5 


\ 








^ '^ 










^^ 






Sectional area. 


■ No 


5".92 

packing. 


• 


35.05. 


loads 

APPLIED. 


LBS. 
PER □" 


Remarks. 


494,000 


14,090 


UltiE 


aate strength. 







Failed immediately after first signs of weakness. Block split up 
along stratification. 



No. 2558. 



FROM CONSHOHOCKEN, PA, 

Limestone C, No. 2. On bed. 



s? 


\ 


"\ 






^-^ 


^ 






— - ^> 










Sectional area, 


No 


5".92 

packing. 


• 


'34.63. ' 


LOADS LBS. 
APPLIED. PER H" 


Remarks. 




566,000 \ 16,340 


Ultimate strength 







Failed immediately after first signs of weakness. 



No. 2559. 



PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

DoBBiJsTs, Hard Brick. Machine. 



1 \ 


^^ 







Sectional area, ...... 

'^008 packing used behind one edge. 



33.50. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER D" 


Remarks. 


30,000 
288,506 


8,610 


Crumbling along upper edge ; load not 
evenly distributed. 

Ultimate strength. 



Failure gradually took place. Fractures beginning at high side and 



extending over whole brick. 



No, 2560. 



PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

Excelsior Hard Brick. Machine. 



\\^ 


\^ 


"":*\, 





8".53 



Sectional area, ...... 31.39. 

'^008 packing used behind one edge. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER D" 


Remarks. 


157,000 
261,000 


8,310 


Cracks in sight at end of brick. 
Ultimate strength. 



Failed by breaking up. Fractures commenced at end of brick. 



PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

JVo. 2561. J. R. HuHN, Hard Brick. Hand-made. 



Sectional area, 



No packing. 



D" 
31.63. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER □" 


Remarks. 


228,000 
591,000 


18,690 


Decided yielding; cracking sounds. 
Ultimate strength. 



Failed suddenly at the very end of test. Gradual yielding had been 
going on since first cracks appeared at about 230,000 lbs. 



No. 2562. 



PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



DoTTERER, Pressed Brick. Machine. 



•>^, 



8".30 



Sectional area, 



No packing. 



33.03. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER D" 


Eemaeks. 


158,000 
256,500 


7,770 


Flaking at top of brick. 

Ultimate strength. 



No. 2563. 



FROM OHIO. 
Sandstone, Buff, O., A. 2. On bed. 




6".03 



Sectional area, 



39.32. 



Good bearino:s. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 



LB&\ 
PER ' 



Eemarks. 



253,000 
256,000 



6,510 



First crack appeared. 
I^ltimate strength. 



No. 2564. 



10 

FEOM OHIO. 

Sandstone, Buff, O., A. 3. On end. 

A 



-> « 




< 5"99 > 



Sectional area, ..... 

^'.005 packing along one edge. 



41.02. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PEE D" 


Eemarks. 


145,000 
199,500 


4,860 


First crack on side A. 
Ultimate strength. 



FROM LEE, MASS. 
No. 2565. 

Marble L., No. 3, Mixed White and Blue. On end. 



\^ 


^N 




^ 



Sectional area. 



5".92 



Good bearings. 



34.99. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER □" 


Remarks. 


800,000 


22,860 


Sustained maximum load of testing ma- 
chine without apparent injury. 



11 



No. 2566. 



FKOM LEE/ MASS. 

Marble L., No. 4, White. On end. 





"N 







Sectional area, 



5".91 



35.05. 



Good bearings. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 



800,000 



LBS. 

PER □' 



22,820 



Remarks. 



Sustained maximum load of testing ma- 
chine without perceptible injury. 



No. 2567. 



FROM LEE, MASS. 



Marble L., No. 5, Blue. On bed. 



% 



5".90 



34.93. 



Sectional area, ..... 

Two corners did not come to full bearing. Not packed 



LOADS 

applied. 



LBS. 

per □' 



Remarks. 



800,000 



22,900 ^ Sustained maximum load of testing ma- 



' chine. 
Flaked off along one edge. 



12 



FROM LEE, MASS. 
No, 2568. 

Marble L., No. 6, Mixed White and Blue. On bed, 





"\ 







5".90 



Sectional area. 



35.34. 



'^004 packing used along two edges. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER □" 


Eemarks. 


610,000 
767,000 


21,700 


Cracks first appear. 

Ultimate strength. Crushed suddenly with 
report. 



No. 2569. 



FEOM MONTGOMERY CO., PA. 

Marble P., 3, Blue. On bed. 



■\^ 


^-, 


%^\ 





6".02 



Sectional area. 



39.63. 



".006 packing under one corner. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 
PER D" 


Remarks. j 


543,000 


13,700 


Ultimate strength. 



Xo. 2570. 



13 



FROM MONTGOMERY CO., PA. 



Maeble P.^ 4, Elite. On end. 





"\ ^x 






^ 


\ 





6".03 



Sectional area, 



39.33. 



Ends take good bearings. 



LOADS LBS. 

APPLIED. PER □" 



Remarks. 



398,000 10,120 Ultimate strength. 



No. 2571. 



FROM MOXTGOMERY CO., PA. 

Maeble P., 5, Blue. On end. 



'.01 



Sectional area, ..... 

About ^'.01 packing used behind ends. 



. 36.24. 



LOADS I LBS. 

APPLIED. PER i " 



Eemarks. 



347,500 9,590 Ultimate strength. 

Probable reduction in strength from uneven bearing. 



14 



No, 2572. 



FROM MONTGOMERY CO., PA. 

Marble P., 6, Blue. On bed. 



\^ 


\^ 


%\ 





Sectional area. 



6".01 



. 39.67. 



Good bearings. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER □" 


Eemaeks. 


434,000 


10,940 


Ultimate strength. 



No. 2573. 



FROM OHIO. 



Sandstone, Buff, O., A. 1. On bed. 



'% 



6".00 



Sectional area. 



41.25. 



One end convex, about ^'.01 J ; no packing used. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER D" 


Remarks. 


252,000 

289,500 


7,020 


Specimen began to crack. 
Ultimate strength. 



No, 2574. 



15 

FROM OHIO. 

Sandstone, Buff, O., A. 4. On end. 



% 



Sectional area. 



40.6. 



Uneven bearings. Load received on one corner. Maximum open- 
ing about .''^02. No packing. 



LOADS 1 LBS. 
APPLIED. 1 PEE □" 


■ 

Remarks. 


90,000 

160,000 3,940 

.1 


Crack opposite high corner. 
Ultimate strength. 



Specimen broke in detail, owing to imperfect bearings concentrating 
load on one corner. 



No. 2575. 



FROM INDIANA. 



Limestone L, 1. On end. 




Sectional area. 



6".02 



Good bearings. 



44.22. 



loads lbs. 

applied. 1 per □" 



Remarks. 



377,000 I 8,530 ! Ultimate strength. 



16 



No. 2576. 



FROM INDIANA. 
Limestone I., 2. On end. 





\^ 


^^ 





6".01 



Sectional area, 



44.56. 



Good bearings. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER □" 


Eemarks. 


320,500 


7,190 


Ultimate strength. 



No. 2577. 



FROM INDIANA. 

Limestone L, 3. On bed. 




6.01 



Sectional area. 



Good bearings. 



41.28. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER Q' 


Eemarks. 


295,000 
321.000 


. 7,776 


Cracks appeared at A. 
Ultimate strength. 



17 



No. 2578. 



FROM INDIANA. 
Limestone I., 4. On bed. 




Sectional area, 



Very good bearings. 



41.28. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PEE D" 


Remaeks. 


438,300 


10,620 


Ultimate strength. 



No. 2579. 



FROM VERMONT. 



Dove-Colored Marble D., 1. On bed. 



§ 


\ 


■ 






^ 




, 


















6".01 










D" 


Sectional area, 




39.65. 




Good bearings. 


EMAEKS. 




LOADS LBS. 
APPLIED. PEE □" 


R 




531,200 ' 13,400 


Ultir 


nate strength. 







18 



No. 2580. 



FROM VERMONT. 

Dove-Colored Marble D., 2. On end. 




Sectional area, 



6".03 



38.48. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER □" 


Remarks. 


379,800 


9,870 


Ultimate strength. 



No. 2581, 



FROM OHIO. 
Sandstone, Blue, O., 1. On end. 





\ \ 








8 




\ 


\ 






o 












•^0 \J 














6".02 












D" 


Sectional area, 


Fair bearings. 




39.69. 


LOADS 1 LBS. 
APPLIED. 1 PER □" 




Remarks. 





305,000 I 7,680 Ultimate strength. 



No. 2582. 



19 

FROM OHIO. 

Sandstone, Blue, O., 2. On bed. 



\^ 


\ 


^^ 


■ 



Sectional area, ..... 

'^005 packing behind one corner. 



41.90. 



LOADS LBS. 

APPLIED. PER □" 



Xo. 2583. 



Remarks. 



435,400 10,400 Ultimate strength. 

Fractured suddenly with loud report. 



FROM OHIO. 



Sandstone, Blue, O., 3. On end. 





\^ 







6".02 



40. 



Sectional area, ...... 

^'.004 packing at two corners. Surface generally came to good 
bearing. 



LOADS lbs. 

APPLIED. PER □" 



Remarks. 



391,800 9,795 Ultimate stren^xth. 



No. 2584. 



20 

FROM OHIO. 

Sandstone, Blue, O., 4. On bed. 



^\ 


\^ 


%x 





6".01 



40.30. 



Sectional area, ..... 
Imperfect bearing. ''^007 packing used behind one edge. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 



LBS. 

PER □' 



297,000 ! 
351,000 8,710 



Remarks. 



Small piece flaked off side. 
Ultimate strength. 



No. 2585. 



FEOM OHIO. 



Sandstone, Blue, No. 2. On end. 




6".05 



Sectional area. 



41.28. 



Fair bearings. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 

620,000 
672,100 


LBS. 

PER □" 

16,280 


Remarks, 

Snapping sounds. 
Ultimate strength. 



Fractured suddenly with loud report. 



No. 2586. 



21 
FROM OHIO. 

Sandstone, Blue, No. 4. On bed. 




6".01 



Sectional area, ..... 

'^005 packing under one edge. 



39.74. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 



LBS. 
PER □" 



Remarks. 



456,000 [ Cracks appear and stone flaked off at one 

corner. 
493,500 12,420 : Ultimate strength. 



No. 2587. 



PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

Dobbins, Hard Brick. Machine. 







> 


f 








\^ 


)A 


\ 






V^ 


^ 








8'.'68 










> 


I 






Sectional area, 


Good bearings. 


• 


35.07. 


loads 

APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER n" 




Remarks. 





162,000 First cracks appear at A. 

411,000 11,720 Ultimate strength. 

Cracks were gradually developed after 162,000 lbs. load was passed, 
rapidly failing near the close of the test. 



22 



PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

No. 2588. Dobbins, Hard Brick. Machine. 

One corner broken oif before test. 





"\ 


*?^ 





8".50 



Sectional area, 



Good bearings. 



about 33. 



LOADS 

a;pplied. 



120,000 
290,000 
304,000 



LBS. 

PER G" 



9,210 



Remarks. 



Crack started at corner. 
Rapid yielding. 
Ultimate strength. 



PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

No. 2589. Excelsior Hard Brick. Machine. 



-\^ 




X\ 


^ 



8': 4 5 



Sectional area, ...... 

'^004 packing placed under one corner. 



32.53. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER D" 


Remarks, 


98,000 

180,200 


5,540 


Cracked at A. 
Ultimate strength. 



23 



No, 2590. 



PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



Excelsior Hard Brick. Machine. 



"■i 



Sectional area. 



Good bearings. 



32.51 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER D" 


, Remarks. 


130,000 

188,100 


5,790 


Crack started near corner. 
Ultimate strength. 



No. 2591. 



PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
J. K. HuHN, Hard Brick. Hand-made. 



^•8^ 



s':2o 



Sectional area, . . . 

''.006 packing under one corner. 



3L57 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER D" 


Remarks. 


95,000 

346,400 


10,970 


Crack at A opened. 
Ultimate strength. 



24 



No. 2592. 



PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
J. R. HuHN, Hard Brick. Hand-made. 



\^ 


\^ 


"^•?*:^ 





8".05 



Sectional area, 



Good bearings. 



31.4. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER H" 


^ Remarks. 


350,000 

654,000 


20,830 


Brick cracked at end. 
Ultimate strength. 



No. 2593. 



PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
J. R. HuHJsr, Hard Brick. Hand-made. 



'% 



8".20 



Sectional area. 



32.64. 







Good bearings. 


LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER n" 


Remarks. 


235,000 
364,000 


11,150 


First crack. 
Ultimate strength. 



No. 2594. 



25 



PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



J. R. HuHis^, Ha ED Brick. Hand-made. 





\. 


^^ 





8".20 



Sectional area, 



32.8. 



Good bearings. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


^J'^^,, Eemaeks. 

PER □" 


206,000 
382,000 


Cracking sound ; crack not in sight. 
11,650 Ultimate strength. 



No, 2595. 



DoTTERER, Pressed Brick. Machine. 





- 












' 




?j!\ \ 




1,-; \ 


\^ 




V 


1 




^'?^ 


1 






8".40 




> 




D" 


Sectional area, . . . . 


33.6. 


^^006 packing used under one corner. 




LOADS 
APPLIED. 


^^^B" ^^^^^'^^^^- 



85,000 First crack. 

304,000 9,050 Ultimate strength. 



26 



No. 2596. DoTTERER, Pressed Brick. Machine. 



^\ \ 



8".30 



Sectional area, 



33.70. 



Very good bearings. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER D" 


Remarks. 


160,000 

243,000 


7,210 


First crack. 
Ultimate strength. 



COMPRESSION OF CAST IRON. 

Specimens Nos. 2597, 2598, 2599, have the same quantity of cast 
iron in each, differing in form. Castings dressed only on bearing 
surfaces. 



No.- 2597. 




Form of Specimen^ Solid. 



Z,in,e of fracture. 

J 



^' 



5.' 998 



w 



Sectional area 


J • 


• 


. 8.3. 


LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 
PER □" 


COMPRES- 
SION. 


COMPRES- 
SION SET. 


Remarks. 


41,500 


5,000 







Loads released to zero and 


83,000 


10,000 







compression sets measured 


124,500 


15,000 




'^001 


after each increment of 


166,000 


20,000 




.002 


5000 lbs. per D" 


207,500 
249,000 


25,000 
30,000 




.005 
.012 





27 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


! 
LBS. COMPRES- 
PER □" SION. 


COMPRES- 
SIOX SET. 


Remarks. 


290,500 


35,000 ' 


''.023 




332,000 


40,000 


.041 




373,500 


45,000 


.071 




415,000 


50,000 


.122 




456,500 


55,000 


.207 




498,000 


60,000 


.406 




501,000 


60,360 




Ultimate strength. ' 



Oblique fracture, making an angle of about 30 degrees with axis of 
specimen. Sides swelled. 



No. 2598. FoEM of Specimen, Open Cyliis^der. 




6.001 



Sectional area, . 



456,500 
498,000 
539,500 
566,000 

Sides sw 
of the specimen. 



55,000 
60,000 
65,000 
68,190 



.090 
.136 
.217 



about 8.3. 



LOADS 


LBS. COMPRES- 


COMPRES- 


T? f TVr A T?"CO 


applied. 


PER □" SION. 


SION SET. 




41,500 


5,000 







83,000 


10,000 







124,500 


15,000 


''.001 




166,000 


20,000 


.002 




207,500 


25,000 


.004 




249,000 


30,000 


.007 




290,500 


35,000 


.011 




332,000 


40,000 


.020 




373,500 


45,000 . 


.034 




415,000 


50,000 : 


.058 





Ultimate strength, 
elled. Oblique fractures opening at middle on the outside 



28 



No. 2599. Form of Specimen, Open Cylinder. 




Sectional area, . 




5:9 98 



about 8.3. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


■ 

LBS. 

PER G" 


COMPRES- 
SION. 


COMPRES- 
SION SET. 


Remarks. 


41,500 


5,000 









83,000 


10,000 









124,500 


15,000 




'^OOOJ 




166,000 


20,000 




.001 




207,500 


25,000 


about 


.0011 


• 


249,000 


30,000 




.002 




290,500 


35,000 




.0021 




332,000 


40,000 




.003 




373,500 


45,000 




.006 




415,000 


50,000 




.010 




456,500 


55,000 


' 


.015 




498,000 


60,000 




.025 




539,500 


,65,000 




.035 




581,000 


70,000 




.052 




622,500 


75,000 




.074 




657,600 


79,230 






Ultimate strength. 



Strains were gradually applied. When the ultimate load was reached 
the load on the scale of the testing machine fell oif about 3000 lbs. 
Strains were now released, the specimen uncovered and examined ; no 
cracks were in sight. When again loaded the specimen fractured, with 
a loud report, at about 655,000 lbs. There were twentj-five pieces 
after fracture. 



29 



COMPRESSIOiN OF WROUGHT IRON I BEAMS. 

No. 2600. 

Length of specimen^ 6^^004. 



A 


^ 


^ 


o 




.30 


V 


J 


60 

/ , 




< 3" 


58 > 



,33. 



Sectional area 


, . 


. 5.2. 


LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER G" 


COMPEES- COMPRES- 
SION. SIGN SET. 


Remarks. 


26,000 


5,000 







52,000 


10,000 


''.001 




104,000 


20,000 


.002 




130,000 


25,000 


.002 




145,000 


28,000 


.002* 




156,000 


30,000 


.003 




166,400 


32,000 


.004 




176,800 


34,000 


.007 




187,200 


36,000 


.032 




197,600 


38,000 


.042 




208,000 


40,000 


.054 




218,400 


42,000 


.065 




228,800 


44,000 


.081 




239,200 


46,000 


.100 




249,600 


48,000 


i .124 


Web buckled. 


260,000 


50,000 


.156 




282,000 


54,230 




Ultimate strength. 



Flanges buckled outward. Strains continued till specimen was 
shortened to 5'^40, longitudinal seams opening in web. 



30 



Wrought Ieon I Beam. 



No. 2601. 



Le 


ngth, 


6^^000. 


A 


3?4 


8 


o 




/.33 


V 


^ 


.'33 



.80 



Sectional area, 



D" 
6.5. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 
PEE □" 


COMPRES- 
SION. 


COMPRES- 
SION SET. 


Eemarks. 


32,500 


5,000 









65,000 


10,000 









130,000 


20,000 




'^000* 




162,500 


25,000 




.000* 




182,000 


28,000 




.000* 




195,000 


30,000 




.000* 




208,000 


32,000 




.001 




221,000 


34,000 




.002* 




234,000 


36,000 




.004 




247,000 


38,000 




.028 




260,000 


40,000 




.042 




273,000 


42,000 




.053 




286,000 


44,000 




.067 




325,000 


50,000 




.143 


Web buckled. 


353,000 


54,310 






Ultimate str en gth . 



Failed in the same manner as No. 2600. 



31 



No. 2602. 



Wrought Iron I Beam. 

Length, 6^^002. 



.47 



,/./7 



.59 



'4:92 



Sectional area, 



15. 



LOADS 
APPLIED. 


LBS. 

PER □" 


COMPRES- 
SION. 


COMPRES- 
SION SET. 


Eemarks. 


75,000 


5,000 









150,000 


10,000 









300,000 


20,000 




0* 




375,000 


25,000 




0* 




420,000 


28,000 




0* 




450,000 


30,000 




0* 




480,000 


32,000 




0* 




510,000 


34,000 




'^005 




540,000 


36,000 




.022 




570,000 


38,000 




.033 




600,000 


40,000 




.048 




630,000 


42,000 




.060 




660,000 


44,000 




.079 


Web buckled. 


750,000 


50,000 




.30 




800,000 


53,330 




.67 


Gradual yielding under this 
load. 



Opened longitudinal cracks in web, buckled web and flanges. 



T. T. J. LAIDLEY, 

Colonel of Ordnance, Commanding. 



32 
MARBLE. 











'S 


iM ■ 


d 












h 


f 

d 






Remarks. 


3 S 


d 

&0 


^ 


o 


o m 




3 3 O 


u 


' 




s 


3 


o 


Sa^ 


H 


ar^ 


l^ 




«=s 


3 


Lee, Mass., 


Blue, 


End, 


715,000 


20,504 


34.87 


Burst into fragments, 


255{ 


4 


do. 


White, 


Bed, 


800,000 


22,370 


35.16 


Slight flaking on one face, 


255^ 


10 


do. 


W.<tB. 


End, 


800,000 


22,860 


34.99 


Without apparent injury. 


256.- 


11 


do. 


White, 


p:nd, 


800,000 


22,820 


35.05 


do. do. 


2561 


n 


do. 


Blue, 


Bed, 


800,000 


22,900 


34.93 


Flaked off" along one edge, 


256" 


12 


do. 


W. & B. 


Bed, 


707,000 


21,700 


35.34 


Crushed suddenly, 


2561 


4 


Montgomery Co. Pa. 


Blue, 


Bed, 


466,300 


11,470 


40.64 


Failed suddenly, 


2551 


5 


do. 


Blue, 


End, 


400,000 


10,420 


38.40 


do. do. 


255s 


12 


do. 


Blue, 


Bed, 


543,000 


13,700 


39.63 


Ultimate strength, 


256' 


i:>, 


do. 


Blue, 


End, 


398,000 


10,120 


39.33 


do. do. 


257( 


13 


do. 


Blue, 


End, 


347,500 


9,590 


36.24 


do. do. 


257] 


14 


do. 


Blue, 


Bed, 


434,000 


10,940 


39.67 


do. do. 


2571 



Conshohocken, Pa., 


1 End, 


do. 


Bed, 


Indiana, 


End, 


do. 


End, 


do. 


1 Bed, 


do. 


! Bed, 



LIMESTONE. 



494,000 


14,090 ' 


35.05 


566,000 


16,340 


34.63 


377,000 


8,530 


44.22 


320,500 


7,190 


44.56 


321,000 


7,776 


41.38 


438,300 


10,620 


41.28 



Ultimate strength, 
do. do. 

do. do. 

do. do. 

do. do. 

do. do. 



17 Vermont, 

18 do. 



DOVE-COLOEED MAEBLE. 



Bed, i 531,200 
End, I 379,800 



13,400 

9,870 



39.65 I Ultimate strength, 
38.48 do. do. 



257^^ 

,2580 



SANDSTONE. 



5 


Hummelstuwn, Pa., 




Bed, 


528,700 


12,810 


41.28 


6 


do. 




End, 


570,300 


13,610 


41.92 


9 


Ohio, 


Buff, 


Bed, 


256,000 


6,510 


39,32 


10 


do. 


Bull; 


End, 


199,500 


4,860 


41.02 


14 


do. 


Buff, 


Bed, 


289,500 


7,020 


41.25 


15 


do. 


Buff, 


End, 


160,000 


3,940 


40.06 


18 


do. 


Blue, 


End, 


305,000 


7,680 


39.69 


19 


do. 


Blue, 


Bed, 


435,400 


10,400 


41.90 


19 


do. 


Blue, 


End, 


391,800 


9,795 


40.00 


20 


do. 


Blue, 


Bed, 


351,000 


8,710 


40.30 


20 


do; 


Blue, 


End, 


672,100 


16,280 


41.28 


21 


do. 


Blue. 


Bed, 


493,500 


12,420. 


39.74 










BI 


acK 





Ultimate strength, 

do. do. 

do. do. 

do. do. 

do. do. 

Bearings imperfect. 
Ultimate strength, 

do. do. 

do. do. 

do. do. 

Fractured suddenly with loud report, 
Ultimate strength, 





9 








a. 


1 






• 








'^ 




^ 




'S^ 




t2 


>, 


d 








Remarks. 




be 


a 


'S 


^ 


^% 


g P,CS 


S.^ 




! = £_ 


Oh 


^ 


a 


g 


^^ 


da^ 


<a 




';^£ 


7 


Dobhins, 


Hard, 


Machine, 


288,600 


8,610 


33.50 


Failure gradually took place, 


2559 


21 


do. 


do. 


do. 


411,000 


11,720 


35.07 


Failed rapidly near close of test, 


'2587 


22 


do. 


do. 


do. 


304,000 


9,210 


33.00 


Ultimate strength, 


,2588 


8 


Excelsior, 


do. 


do. 


261,000 


8,310 


31.39 


Failed by breaking up, 


;2560 


22 


do. 


do. 


do. 


180,200 


5,540 


32.53 


Ultimate strength, 


12589 


23 


do. 


do. 


do. 


188,100 


5,790 


32.51 


do. do. 


12590 


8 


J. R. Iluhn, 


do. 


Hand, 


591,000 


18,690 


31.63 


Failed sudd(Mily at very end of test, 


'2.561 


23 


do. 


do. 


do. 


346,400 


10,970 


31.57 


Ultimate strength, 


2591 


24 


do. 


do. 


do. , 


654,000 


20,830 


31.4 


do. do. 


•_'•">;•■_' 


24 


do. 


' do. 


do. 


364,000 


11,150 


32.64 


do. do. 


•_'."i'.i:; 


25 


do. 


do. 


do. 


382,000 


11,650 


32.8 


do. do. 


•.',"■.9 1 


9 


Dotterer, 


Pressed, 


Machine, 


256,500 


7,770 


33.03 


do. do. 


25i)2 


25 


do. 


do. 


do. 


304,000 


9,050 


33.6 


do. do. 


2595 


26 


do. 


do. 


do. 


243,000 


7,210 


3:?.70 


d(x do.J 


2 59 6 



33 
CAST IRON. 







o 


<6 




S • 














Oh 




ha 


26 


Solid 


cylinder, 


.27 


Open 


cylinder, 


^ 


do. 


do. 



3" 5".998 

4".41 I 6".001 
8".78 ' 5".998 





oT '— 






i^a 


a, 




^.f=- 


? 


1 






13 -o 


■sas 


c3 a 








^i. 


5.sl 


■<.s 


501,000 


60,360 


8.3 


566,000 


68,190 


8.3 


657,600 1 


79,230 


8.3 



Eemarks. 



Oblique fracture. Sides swelled. 

Sides swelled, 

Fractured into twenty-five pieces, 



Is. 



2597 
12598 
i2599 



WROUGHT IRON. 



ha 



29 ; Rolled I beam, 

30 I do. 

31 ' do. 



7".05 ' 6".004 

9".00 I 6".000 

15".25 I G'<.002 



k ■ 




ample 






a; CO 


-s-d 


Shin 
poui 
are i 










^% 


s.si' 


<a- 


282,000 


54,230 


5.2 


353,000 


54,310 


6.5 


800,000 


53,330 


15. i 

1 



Rem ARK!- 



Flanges buckled outwards, 

do. do. 

Web and flanges buckled. 



>7 Si 



2600 
'2601 
2602 



COMMISSIONERS 
jFor tf)t iBrection of tf)e ^ufcUc Builtiings. 



OCTOBER 1, 1882. 



WILLIAM BRICE, 
ISAAC S. CASSIN, 
SAMUEL W. CATTELL, 
MAHLON H. DICKINSON, 
THOMAS E. GASKILL, 
JOHN L. HILL, 



SAMUEL G. KING, 
WILLIAM H. LEX, 
HIRAM MILLER, 
RICHARD PELTZ, 
SAMUEL C. PERKINS, 
WILLIAM B. SMITH, 



WILLIAM H. WRIGHT. 



OFFICERS. 



President— SAMUEL C. PERKINS. 

Secretary— FRANCIS DE HAES JANVIER. 

Treasurer~J. J. MARTIN. 

Solicitor— CHARLES H. T. COLLIS. 



Architect— JOHN McARTHUR, Jr. 

fJOHN ORD, 

Assistants—^ 

(THOMAS U. WALTER. 

Superintendent— WILLIAM C. McPHERSON. 



MECHANICAL TESTS 



MADE WITH THE 



U. S. TESTING MACHINE, 



(CAPACITY, 800,000 POUNDS,) 



WATEETOWN AESEITAL, MASS., 



NOVEMBER 5. 1883. 



U. S. ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 



AT THE REQrEST OF THE 



:j,ommi^^iontrH for ik Jmim of the mhlk luildings, 



CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



TESTS BY COMPEESSION, 



TWELVE BRICK PIERS. 



The Piers were tested between flat compression platforms. 

The covering plates of cast iron at the ends of the piers were 
allowed to remain in position, removing the tie-bolts during the tests. 

The compression measurements and sets were determined by a 
micrometer, secured at either end to the compression platforms of the 
Testing Machine ; thus indicating the total amount of compression 
which occurred as each increment of load was applied to the piers. 
Upon the removal of the loads to the initial 5000 lbs., the amount of 
permanent set was found. 




Plates of Cast Iron, enclosing brick piers, planed true on both sides, 
and made perfectly parallel by means of the swivel tie-bolts. 



Style of Pters. 




No. 3255. 



Marks on Pier. 



A. 1. Dobbins, Lime. August 14, 1882. 



D" 



Length, 12^^75. 

Sectional area, 12'^75 X 13'^00 == 165.75. 

Weight, 147 lbs. 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 




j 






Remarks. 


Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

perD" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 




5,000 











10,000 




.0030 






15,000 




.0065 i 




20,000 




.0092 




25,000 ' 


.0120 




30,000 


.0141 




35,000 ; 


.0160 1 




40,000 




.0180 






45,000 




.0200 






50,000 




.0220 






5,000 






.0130 




50,000 ' 


.0230 






60,000 




.0260 







Applied Loads. 



In Gauged Length. 



Total 
lbs. 



70,000 

80,000 
90,000 
100,000 
5,000 
100,000 
110,000 
120,000 
130,000 
140,000 
150,000 
5,000 
150,000 
160,000 
170,000 
180,000 
190,000 
200,000 
5,000 
200,000 
210,000 
220,000 
230,000 
231,000 



231,000 



239,000 
230,000 



Lbs. 

pern' 



Compression, 
inches. 



1,442 



.0290 
.0325 
.0375 
.0410 

.0430 
.0460 
.0500 
.0520 
.0558 
.0610 

.0635 
.0665 
.0700 
.0745 

.0800 
.0850 

.0910 
.0945 
.1000 
.1160 



Set, 
inches. 



.0245 



.0360 



.0520 



Remarks. 



Snapping sounds at 85,000 
lbs. pressure. 



Longitudinal cracks in 2d 
and 4tli courses, opposite 
joints in adjacent courses. 



Rapid disintegration going 
on. 

Sustained this load about 
five minutes, slow crush- 
ing taking place in the 
meantime. 

Ultimate strength. 

Load on pier when test was 
discontinued. 



Pier generally disintegrated. 
Correct. 



J. E. Howard. 



No. 3256. 



Marks on Pier. 
A. 2. Dobbins, Lime. August 14, 1882. 

Length, 12''.75. 

Sectional area, 12^^75 X 12''.75 = 162.56. 

Weight, 145 lbs. 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 




\ 


Total Lbs. 
lbs. , per □" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 


Remarks. 




5,000 











10,000 


.0025 








15,000 


.0055 








20,000 


.0075 








25,000 


.0096 








30,000 


.0110 








35,000 
40,000 


.0130 
.0150 








45,000 


.0165 








50,000 
5,000 


.0180 


.0100 






60,000 


.0210 








70,000 i 


.0240 








80,000 


.0265 








90,000 


.0292 








100,000 


.0330 








5,000 
100,000 


.0340 


.0180 






110,000 


.0360 








120,000 


.0390 








130,000 

140,000 

150,000 

5,000 


.0420 
.0460 
.0492 


.0280 


Snapping sounds, 
crack opened in 4th 
of bricks. 


Slight 
course 


150,000 
160,000 
170,000 


.0520 
.0540 
.0570 








180,000 


.0610 


i 







Appliee 


Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 












Remarks. 


Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

per D" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 




190,000 




.0650 






200,000 




.0685 






5,000 






.0405 




200,000 




.0740 






210,000 




.0770 






220,000 




.0820 






230,000 




.0890 






240,000 




.1040 






250,000 




.1200 






259,100 


1,594 






Ultimate strength. 


240,000 








Load on pier when test was 
discontinued. 



After the first cracks appeared, there was a gradual development of 
longitudinal seams as the pressure was increased, till the maximum 
load was reached. 

Correct. J. E. Howard. 



No. 3257. Marks on Pier. 

B. 1. Dobbins, Cement. August 14, 1882. 

Length, 12^^75. 

Sectional area, 13^^00 X 13^^00 = 169.00. 
Weight, 148 lbs. 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 




Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

per n" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 


Remarks. 


5,000 











10,000 




.0025 






15,000 




.0050 






20,000 




.0075 







Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 


Remarks. 




Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

per D" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 




25,000 




.0100 








30,000 




.0115 








35,000 




.0130 








40,000 




.0150 






^ 


45,000 




.0162 








50,000 




.0180 








5,000 






.0090 






50,000 




.0185 








60,000 




.0210 








70,000 




.0230 








80,000 




.0260 








90,000 




.0285 








100,000 




.0310 








5,000 






.0150 






100,000 




.0322 








110,000 




.0345 








120,000 




.0370 




■ 




130,000 




.0390 








140,000 
142,000 




.0410 




First cracking sound. 




150,000 




.0450 








5,000 






.0240 






150,000 




.0480 








160,000 




.0500 








170,000 


': .0520 . 








180,000 


.0540 




Cracks in sight in 


middle 


190,000 


.0570 




course. 




200,000 


.0610 








5,000 






.0320 






200,000 




.0642 








210,000 




.0670 








220,000 




.0695 








230,000 




.0720 








240,000 




.0755 








250,000 




.0810 








260,000 




.0853 









10 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 




Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

per n" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 


Eemaeks. 


270,000 
280,000 
290,000 
300,000 
310,000 
356,900 
340,000 


2,112 


.0900 
.0925 
.0970 
.1020 
.1104 




Ultimate strength. 
Load on pier when test was 
discontinued. 



Correct. 



J. E. HOWAKD. 



No. 3258. Marks on Pier. 

B. 2. Dobbins, Cement. August 14, 1882. 

Length, 12^^65. 

Sectional area, 12^^75 X 12^^75 = 162.56. 

Weight, 144 lbs. 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 




Total i Lbs. 
lbs. 1 per □" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 


Remarks. 


5,000 







• 


10,000 j 


.0030 






15,000 1 


.0060 






20,000 


.0078 






25,000 ' 


.0090 






30,000 1 


.0110 






35,000 


.0120 






40,000 1 


.0130 






45,000 1 


.0140 






50,000 i 


.0150 







11 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 










' 


Remarks. 




Total Lbs. 


Compression, 


Set, : 






lbs. perD" 


inches. j 


inches. : 






5,000 




.0075 1 






60,000 


.0170 








70,000 


.0182 i 








80,000 


.0200 ! 






-, 


90,000 


.0210 i 








100,000 


.0230 








5,000 




.0100 






100,000 


.0240 ^ 








110,000 1 


.0250 








120,000 ' 


.0260 








130,000 


.0275 , 








140,000 ! 


.0290 








150,000 i 


.0302 








5,000 




.0120 






150,000 


.0315 








160,000 


.0325 








170,000 


.0338 








180,000 ' 


.0350 








190,000 


.0365 








200,000 , 


.0380 








5,000 




.0145 






200,000 


.0390 








210,000 


.0400 








220,000 


.0410 








230,000 ' 


.0430 








240,000 


.0435 








250,000 1 


.0450 








260,000 ' 


.0465 








270,000 • 


.0480 








280,000 


.0500 








290,000 : 


.0510 








300,000 ^ 


.0530 




Cracking sounds. 


Opened 


310,000 


.0560 




cracks in three 


inside 


320,000 1 


.0580 




• courses, flaking 


at end 


330,000 


.0600 




course. 




340,000 1 


.0620 









12 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 




Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

pern" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 


Remarks. 


350,000 
360,000 




.0640 

.0680 






370,000 




.0695 






380,000 




.0730 






390,000 




.0820 




, 


400,000 




.0855 






410,000 




.0900 






420,000 


2,584 


.1000 




Ultimate strength. 






Correct. 

J. E. HOWAED. 



No. 3259. Marks on Pier. ' 

No. 3. HuHN, Lime. August 14, 1882. 

Length, 12^^90. 

D" 
Sectional area, 12^^.50 x 12^^50 = 156.25. 

Weight, 138 lbs. 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 




Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 
per D" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 


Remarks. 


5,000 









. 


10,000 




.0030 






15,000 




.0065 






20,000 




.0090 






25,000 




.0110 






30,000 




.0130 






35,000 




.0155 






40,000 1 


.0170 






45,000 j 


.0190 






50,000 




.0210 







13 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 




Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

perQ' 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 


Kemarks. 


5,000 






.0110 




50,000 1 


.0220 






60,000 


.0250 






70,000 
78,000 


.0290 




Snapping sounds. No cracks 


80,000 i 


.0335 




in sight. 


90,000 1 


.0370 






100,000 


.0410 






5,000 






.0230 




100,000 




.0430 






110,000 




.0465 






120,000 




.0530 






130,000 




,0565 






140,000 




.0615 






150,000 




.0660 






5,000 






.0390 




150,000 
160,000 

170,000 




.0695 
.0735 

.0785 




Gradual development of lon- 
gitudinal cracks. 


180,000 1 


.0845 






190,000 1 


.0890 






200,000 




.0940 






5,000 






.0590 




200,000 




.1025 






210,000 




.1055 






220,000 




.1100 






230,000 


.1170 






240,000 




.1220 






250,000 




.1310 






260,000 




.1390 






270,000 




.1460 






280,000 




.1550 






290,000 i 


.1690 






299,000 


1,914 


.18 




Ultimate strength. 



Correct. 



J. E. Howard. 



14 



A^o. 3260. Marks on Pier. 

No. 4. HuHN, Cement. August 14, 1882. 



D" 



Length, 12^^82. 

Sectional area, 12^\50 X 12''.75 = 159.38. 
Weight, 140 lbs. 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 












Remarks. 


Total 


Lbs. 


Compression, 


Set, 




lbs. 


perD" 


inches. 


inches. 




5,000 











10,000 




.0025 






15,000 


.0050 






20,000 


.0065 






25,000 


.0080 






30,000 1 


.0095 






35,000 




.0110 






40,000 




.0120 






45,000 




.0135 






50,000 I .0150 






5,000 






.0070 




50,000 




.0150 




^ 


60,000 1 


.0170 






70,000 


.0185 




' 


80,000 




.0200 






90,000 


.0220 






100,000 


.0240 






5,000 






.0100 




100,000 




.0240 






110,000 




.0255 


1 




120,000 




.0270 




1 
i 


130,000 




.0290 




i 


140,000 




.0300 


! 


1 

! 


150,000 




.0315 


! 

1 




5,000 






.0130 




150,000 




: .0325 


• 




160,000 




1 .0338 







15 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 




Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

pern" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
j inches. 


Remarks. 


170,000 




.0351 






180,000 




.0364 




' 


190,000 




.0380 






200,000 

5,000 

200,000 




.0395 
.0410 


.0160 


■ 


210,000 




,0420 






220,000 




.0435 






230,000 




.0450 






240,000 




.0470 






250,000 
5,000 




.0480 


.0190 




250,000 




.0500 






260,000 




.0515 




' 


270,000 




.0525 






280,000 




.0540 






290,000 




.0560 






300,000 




.0580 






310,000 
320,000 
330,000 




.0605 
.0620 
.0640 




Cracking sounds. Cracks 
appear in middle and out- 


340,000 




.0670 




side courses. 


350,000 




.0690 






360,000 




.0720 






370,000 




.0755 






380,000 




.0800 






390,000 




.0850 






400,000 




.0890 






410,000 




.0925 






420,000 1 




.0965 






428,000 ; 
410,000 

1 


2,685 


.1060 


i 


Ultimate strength. 
Load sustained when test was 
discontinued. 



Correct. 



J. E. Howard. 



16 



iVb. 3261. Marks on Pier. 

No. 5. DoTTEEER, PRESSED, Cement. August 14, 1882. 

Length, 13^^20. 

Sectional area, 12'^50 X 12^\50 = 156.25. 
Weight, 138 lbs. 



Applied Loads. 


1 
In Gauged Length. 

i 




Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

perD" 


Compression, 
inches. 


^1 

Set, 
inches. 


Remaeks. 


5,000 









, 


10,000 




.0040 






15,000 




.0075 






20,000 




.0100 






25,000 




.0120 






30,000 




.0140 






35,000 




.0160 






40,000 




.0175 






45,000 




.0190 






50,000 




.0210 






5,000 






.0080 




50,000 




.0210 






60,000 




.0240 






70,000 


' 


.0260 






80,000 




.0285 






90,000 




.0310 






100,000 
5,000 




.0330 


.0130 




100,000 




.0340 






110,000 




.0360 






120,000 




.0380 






130,000 




.0400 






140,000 
150,000 




.0420 
.0440 




Second and fonrth conrses 


5,000 






.0175 


cracked opposite joints of 


150,000 




.0460 




adjacent courses. 


160,000 




.0480 






170,000 




.0500 







17 



Appliei 


) Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 


Rf:]Marks. 




Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

perQ" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 




180,000 




.0520 








190,000 




.0545 








200,000 




,0570 








5,000 






.0220 


^^ 




200,000 




.0585 








210,000 




.0600 








220,000 




.0625 








230,000 




.0660 








240,000 
250,000 
230,000 


1,600 


.0700 

.0770 




Ultimate strength. 
Load sustained when 
was discontinued. 


test 



Correct. 



J. E. HOW^ART). 



A^o. 3262. Marks on Pier. 

No. 6. DoTTERER, PRESSED, LiME. August 14, 1882. 

Length, 12^^95. 
Sectional area, 12'^50 X 12^^50 = 156.25. 



Weight, 133 lbs. 



! 
Applied Loads. In Gauged Length. 




Total 1 Lbs. j Compression, 
lbs. j per □" ! inches. 

! 


Set, 
inches. 


Remarks. 


5,000 
10,000 
15,000 
20,000 
25,000 





.0025 
.0050 
.0070 
.0085 







18 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 




Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

per n" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 


Remarks. 


30,000 




.0105 






35,000 




.0120 






40,000 




.0135 






45,000 




.0150 






50,000 
5,000 




.0165 


.0070 




50,000 




.0170 






60,000 


.0200 






70,000 


.0230 






80,000 


.0255 






90,000 j 


.0290 






100,000 1 
5,000 1 
100,000 


.0320 
.0332 


.0125 




110,000 
120,000 




.0360 
.0400 




■ 
Cracks started in 3d and 4th 


130,000 




.0450 




courses. 


140,000 




.0500 






150,000 




.0590 






160,000 




.0640 






170,000 




.0700 






180,000 
182,400 
175,000 


1,167 


.0800 




Ultimate strength. , 
Load sustained when test 
was discontinued. 



Correct. 



J. E. Howard. 



19 



No. 3263. Marks on Pier. 

D. 7. Excelsior, Cement. August 14, 1882. 

Length, 12^^60. 

a" 

Sectional area, 12^^75 x 12^^75 = 162.56. 
Weight, 135 lbs. 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 




Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

per D" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 


Remarks. 


5,000 











10,000 




.0035 






15,000 




.0060 






20,000 




.0075 






25,000 




.0090 






30,000 




.0105 






35,000 




.0120 






40,000 




.0130 






45,000 




.0145 






50,000 
5,000 




.0160 


.0075 




50,000 




.0165 







60,000 

70,000 

80,000 

90,000 

100,000 

5,000 

100,000 

110,000 

120,000 

130,000 

140,000 

150,000 

160,000 

170,000 

180,000 

190,000 



.0180 
.0200 
.0225 
.0245 
.0275 

.0280 
.0300 
.0315 
.0340 
.0360 
.0410 
.0425 
.0455 
.0480 
.0520 



.0130 



20 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 




Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

per Q' 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 


Remarks. 


200,000 




.0555 






5,000 






.0285 




200,000 




.0590 






210,000 


■ 


.0630 






220,000 




.0645 






230,000 




.0690 






240,000 




• .0730 




Cracks in sight in middle 


250,000 




.0800 




course. 


260,000 




.0880 






268,900 


1,654 


.0980 




Ultimate strength. 








Correct. 

J. E. Howard. 



No. 3264. Marks on Pier. 

D. 8. Excelsior, Cement. August 14, 1882. 

Length, 12^^65. 

Sectional area, 12^^75 x 12^^75= 159.38. 

Weight, 133 lbs. 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 




Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

per □" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 


Remarks. 


5,000 











10,000 




.0020 






15,000 




.0040 






20,000 




.0060 






25,000 




.0075 






30,000 




.0090 






35,000 




.0105 






40,000 




.0120 







21 



Applied Loads. In Gauged Length. 










Kemaeks. 


Total 


Lbs. Compression, 


Set, 




lbs. 


perD" 


inches. 


inches. 




45,000 




.0130 






50,000 




.0140 






5,000 






.0055 




50,000 




.0150 




^ 


60,000 




.0170 






70,000 




.0190 






80,000 




.0210 






90,000 




.0235 






100,000 




.0260 




Snapping sounds. ]^o cracks 


5,000 • 






.0110 


in sight. 


100,000 




.0280 






110,000 




.0290 






120,000 




.0315 






130,000 




.0335 






140,000 




.0365 






150,000 




.0390 






5,000 






.0165 




150,000 




.0405 






160,000 




.0425 






170,000 




^ .0450 






180,000 




.0480 






190,000 


.0525 






200,000 


^ .0545 






5,000 






.0250 




200,000 




.0580 






210,000 




.0600 






220,000 




.0630 




Cracks in 2d coarse. 


230,000 




.0680 






240,000 




.0710 






250,000 




.0770 






260,000 


.0855 






266,500 


1,672 .0950 




Ultimate strength. 


235,000 




Load sustained Aviien test 










was discontinued. 



Correct. 

J. E. Howard. 



22 



No. 3265. Marks on Pier. 

E. 9. Excelsior, Lime. August 14, 1882. 



D' 



Length, 12^'.40. 

Sectional area, 12^^60 X 12^^60 == 158.76. 

Weight, 128 lbs. 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 












Remarks. 


Total 


Lbs. 


Compression, 


Set, 




lbs. 


perQ" 


inches. 


inches. 




5,000 











10,000 




.0050 






15,000 




.0090 






20,000 




.0120 






25,000 




.0145 






30,000 


.0165 






35,000 


1 .0190 






40,000 


.0205 




- 


45,000 




.0225 






50,000 




.0240 






5,000 






.0130 




50,000 




.0250 






60,000 




.0280 




- 


70,000 




.0310 






80,000 1 .0340 






90,000 .0370 






100,000 i 1 .0400 






5,000 




.0205 




100,000 : 


.0420 






110,000 1 


.0440 






120,000 


.0470 






130,000 


.0500 






140,000 




.0550 






150,000 




.0580 






5,000 




.0310 




1 50,000 




.0620 







23 



Applied Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 




Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

perD" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 


Eemarks. 


160,000 
170,000 
178,800 
150,000 


1,126 


.0660 

.0730 
.0930 




Cracks in sight in four 

courses. 
Ultimate strength. 
Load sustained when test 

was discontinued. 



Correct. 



J. E. Howard. 



No. 3266. Marks on Pier. 

E. 10. Excelsior, Lime. August 14, 1882. 

Length, 12^^60. 

Sectional area, 12^^50 X 12^^50 = 156.25. 

Weight, 128 lbs. 









D Length. 




Applied Loads. 


In Gauge 




Total 
lbs. 


Lbs. 

per D" 


Compression, 
inches. 


Set, 
inches. 


Eemarks. 


5,000 


i 






10,000 


1 .0040 






15,000 


i .0085 






20,000 .0120 






25,000 ^ j .0150 






30,000 ! .0170 






35,000 ; .0205 






40,000 


.0230 






45,000 


.0260 






50,000 




.0280 






5,000 






.0165 




50,000 




.0300 







24 



Appliei 


) Loads. 


In Gauged Length. 












Remarks. 


Total 


Lbs. 


Compression, 


Set, 




lbs. 


per □" 


inches. 


inches. 




60,000 




.0335 






70,000 




.0385 






80,000 




.0440 






90,000 




.0500 






100,000 




.0570 




Crack opened in middle 


5,000 






.0340 


course. 


100,000 




.0625 






110,000 




.0685 






120,000 




.0810 






124,900 


799 


.0900 




Ultimate strength. 


110,000 








Load sustained when test 
was discontinued. 



25 



NOTE 



Upon examination, it was found that the mortar in most of the piers 
did not cover the ends completely, so that the covering plates only took 
bearing over part of the surface. In such cases, plaster of paris was 
used to fill the spaces and give even bearings ; allowing the plaster to 
set at least twenty-four hours before testing. 

Correct. 

J. E. Howard. 

F. H. Paeker, 

Major of Ordnance Commanding. 



26 



GENERAL ABSTRACT. 



Official 
No. of Test. 


Maker of 
Bricks. 


1 


.a 
o 

.9 


Snapping 
sounds. 




i 




|5 

.it 


a 

i 

1 
1 


3255 


Dobbins, 


Lime, 


165.75 


85,000 


512 


110,000 


663 


239,000 


1442 


3256 


" 


" 


162.56 


150,000 


922 


150,000 


922 


259,100 


1594 


3257 


" 


Cement, 


169.00 


142,000 


840 


180,000 


1065 


356,900 


2112 


3258 


u 


" 


162.56 


300,000 


1845 


300,000 


1845 


420,000 


2584 


3259 


Huhn, 


Lime, 


156.25 


78,000 


499 


160,000 


1024 


299,000 


1914 


3260 


" 


Cement, 


159.38 


320,000 


2070 


320,000 


2070 


428,000 


2685 


3261 


Dotterer, 


Cement, 


156.25 






150,000 


960 


250,000 


1600 


3262 




Lirae, 


156.25 






120,000 


768 


182,400 


1167 


3263 


Excelsior, 


Cement, 


162.56 






240,000 


1476 


268,900 


1654 


3264 


„ 


" 


159.38 


100,000 


627 


220)000 


1380 


266,500 


1672 


3265 


" 


Lime, 


158J6 






160,000 


1070 


178,800 


1126 


3266 




" 


156.25 






100,000 


640 


124,900 


799 



ABSTRACT OF AVERAGE STRENGTHS. ' 

In Lime mortar. Fifsf, cracky 864>23 lbs. square inch, or 62.226 tons square foot. 
" Cement " " " 1567.56 " " " 112.864 " " " 

In Lime mortar. Ultimate strength, 1375 lbs. square inch, or 99 tons square foot. 
" Cement " " " 2141.4 " " " 154.18 " " 



John Mcx4lrthuk, Jr., 

Arcluk'd. 



COMMISSIONERS 
jFor ti)t iHxectioii of tftc ^Puftlic BuilDiiigs. 



PHILADELPHIA, JANUARY 1, 1884. 



WILLIAM BRICE, 
ISAAC S. CASSIN, 
MAHLON H. DICKINSON, 
THOMAS E. GASKILL, 
JOHN L. HILL, 
SAMUEL G. KING, 



WILLIAM H. LEX, 
HIRAM MILLER, 
RICHARD PELTZ, 
SAMUEL C. PERKINS, 
WILLIAM B. SMITH, 
WILLIAM S. STOKLEY 



WILLIAM H. WRIGHT. 



OFFICERS. 



President— SAMUEL C. PERKINS. 

Secretary— FRANCIS DE HAES JANVIER. 

Treasurer— WILLIAM B. IRVINE. 

Solicitor— CHARLES H. T. COLLIS. 



Architect- JOHN I\IcARTHUR, Jk. 

r JOHN ORD, 

ASSISTANTS-! ^jj^^^^g U.WALTER. 

Superintendent- WILLIAM C. McPHERSON. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESSi 

028 116 615 i 



